22R-E Engine
Toyota 22R is a 2.4L 4-cylinder motor, manufactured between 1981 and 1995. In 1982, the brand presented 22RE, a fuel-injected modification, plus, from 1985 to 1988, 22RTE, a variant with turbocharging, was built.
Having troubles with timing chain, the motor passed through some updates. Consequently, many 22RE components aren’t compatible with 22R and 22RE motors, released before 1985. Apart from 22RE’s fuel injection, post-1984 22R and 22RE had some other distinctions.
Toyota 22R Engine
Being one of the latest Toyota R series motors, 22R with 2.4L displacement and 4 cylinders is noted for its durability. Mainly, this motor was utilized for automobiles, sold outside US and Canada. Among the vehicles for the North American market, featuring 22R, were 1984-1995 Toyota pickup trucks plus 1985-1995 Toyota 4Runner. Additionally, motor was employed for Toyota Hilux, Celica plus Corona along with Volkswagen Taro (a re-badged variation of Toyota Hilux).
When 22RE was first released, it as well as newer version of 22R was provided with a single-row timing chain instead of the dual-row one. In 1985, these motors were subjected to other upgrades and almost all major components were either replaced or modified. After that restyling, the motors were manufactured for some time before their production was ceased. Actually, the motor was utilized in Toyota Hilux, pickup plus 4Runner till 1995 whereas Volkswagen Taro employed it till 1997.
Moreover, 22R is still famed for its astonishing reliability. Though it can hardly be called a high performance motor, many drivers and car enthusiasts assure that it’s the most excellent engine ever created by Toyota.
22R-E Engine Specs
| Engine code | 22R-E |
| Layout | Four stroke, Inline-4 (Straight-4) |
| Fuel type | Gasoline (petrol) |
| Production | 1983-1995 |
| Displacement | 2.4 L, 2,366 cm3 (144.38 cu-in) |
| Fuel system | Electronic fuel injection (EFI) |
| Power adder | None |
| Power output | From 106 PS (78 kW; 105 HP) at 4,800 rpm to 110 PS (81 kW; 109 HP) at 5,000 rpm |
| Torque output | From 185 N·m (18.9 kg·m, 136 ft·lb) at 2,800 rpm to 190 N·m (19.4 kg·m, 140 ft·lb) at 3,600 rpm |
| Firing order | 1-3-4-2 |
| Dimensions (L x W x H): | – |
| Weight | – |
The initial version of 22R-E reached an output of 105 hp at 4,800 rpm with torque of 137 lb/ft at 2,800 rpm. However, in 1985, after a large-scale renovation, the situation changed. Then, the motor’s output equaled to 114 hp at the identical speed with torque of 140 lb/ft at 3,600 rpm.
Having a displacement of 2.366 liters (144.4 cu in), 22RE didn’t demonstrate astonishing power to weight correlation. Nevertheless, the motor was highly estimated for its endurance and reliability. It featured cylinder bore of 3.62 inches and stroke of 3.5 inches.
Engine applications:
- 1985-1995 Toyota Hilux
- 1983-1985 Toyota Celica
- 1983-1987 Toyota Corona RT142
- 1984-1995 Toyota Pickup
- 1985-1995 Toyota 4Runner
- 1989-1997 Volkswagen Taro
Toyota 2.4l Head, Block and Valvetrain
| Cylinder head (86 and later) | ||
| Valve Arrangement: | SOHC, chain drive | |
| Valves: | 8 (2 valves per cylinder) | |
| Valve head diameter: | INTAKE | 45.0 mm (1.7717 in) |
| EXHAUST | 37.0 mm (1.4567 in) | |
| Valve length: | INTAKE | 113.5 mm (4.4685 in) |
| EXHAUST | 112.4 mm (4.4252 in) | |
| Valve stem diameter: | INTAKE | 7.970-7.985 mm (0.3138-0.3144 in) |
| EXHAUST | 7.965-7.980 mm (0.3136-0.3142 in) | |
| Valve spring free length: | 48.5 mm (1.9094 in) | |
| Camshaft cam height: | INTAKE | 42.63-42.72 mm (1.6783-1.6819 in) |
| EXHAUST | 42.69-42.78 mm (1.6807-1.6842 in) | |
| Camshaft journal diameter: | 32.98-33.00 mm (1.2984-1.2992 in) | |
Original 22R-E kept a cast iron block. Moreover, soft piston rings made a major contribution to the motor’s long lifespan. They allowed cylinder bores to escape from ridges as long as motor functioned. Valvetrain featured a traditional push rod system with camshaft in the block. It had 1 intake and 1 exhaust valve per each of four cylinders (8 in total).
22R-E gives people exactly what they want from their engine, high durability. No one wants to spend hours in a garage or car repair shop, trying to deal with all the troubles emerging in the engine. People just want their automobile to drive them smoothly and faultlessly from one point to the other.
Though the production was ceased in 1997, many 22RE motors are still in good condition and are still utilized for automobiles. Usually, this motor can run for 300,000-400,000 miles with no troubles.
However, in some cases, it may even reach 1 million miles. While the output isn’t so high and is usually of 114 hp, these Toyota motors have a great number of fans around the world thanks to their fantastic lifespan.
| Valve clearance | |
| Intake valve | 0.20 mm (0.008 in) |
| Exhaust valve | 0.30 mm (0.012 in) |
| Compression pressure | |
| Standard | 12.0 kg/cm2 / 200 rpm |
| Minimun | 10.0 kg/cm2 / 200 rpm |
| Compression differential limit between cylinders | 1.0 kg/cm2 / 200 rpm |
| Oil system | |
| Oil consumption , L/1000 km (qt. per miles) | up to 0.5 (1 qt. per 1200 miles) |
| Recommended engine oil | 5W-30, 10W-30 |
| Oil type API | SF or SF/CC |
| Engine oil capacity (Refill capacity) | With filter change ~ 4.2 l l Without filter change ~ 3.8 l |
| Oil change interval, km (miles) | 10,000 (6,000) |
| Ignition system | |
| Spark plug | NGK: BPR5EY DENSO: W16EXR-U |
| Spark plug gap | 0.8 mm (0.0315 in) |
22R-E Engine Problems and Reliability
22R frequently faces troubles with timing chain on the motors, released after 1983. They are plastic and that’s why they break pretty often. It leads to the timing chain’s sawing into a water jacket and ruining the motor. The solution is to substitute them with steel guides.
The other common problem concerns head gasket as the motor features iron block and aluminum head. And, aluminum expands much more. So, they may cause some problems due to overheating. But here is good news: 22R has no other serious faults.
Performance parts
Written by Dan Hoffman
